500mg Propolis
The composition of propolis varies with its geographic and plant source, as well as with the collection season. 1, 4 the alcohol extract of propolis is called propolis wax or tincture, with the insoluble residue known as propolis resin. 3, 5 propolis contains 50% resin and vegetable balsam, 30% wax, 10% essential and aromatic oils, 5% pollen, and 5% other substances, including minerals such as magnesium, nickel, iron, calcium, and zinc. 2, 3, 5 propolis contains flavonoids, including quercetin, pinocembrin, galangin, and pinobanksin, as well as hydroquinone, caffeic acid, and caffeic acid esters. 2, 3, 5 a number of other compounds have been identified in propolis from specific geographic sources. 6, 7, 8, 9, 10. Propolis is considered to be relatively nontoxic. 1, 2, 3 allergic reactions with skin and mucous membrane irritations have been commonly reported in apiary workers79, 80, 81, 82 and a multicenter study reported a prevalence for positive patch tests of 1. 9%. other reports es...